Dry Riser Systems Failures
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Common Dry Riser Systems Failures and How to Prevent Them

Dry riser systems play a crucial role in the fire safety infrastructure of multi-storey buildings, particularly those above 18 metres in height. These systems allow fire services to rapidly deliver water to upper floors during a fire emergency. However, like any critical infrastructure, dry risers can fail – often due to neglect, poor maintenance, or simple oversight. Such dry riser system failures can have catastrophic consequences in the event of a fire, putting lives and property at risk.

Here, we’ll examine some of the most common dry riser system failures and provide practical advice on how to prevent them.

Physical Damage to Riser Pipework

The Issue:
One of the most frequent issues encountered during inspections is physical damage to the riser pipework. This can be due to accidental impacts, building works, or improper use of the system (e.g., using outlets for cleaning or other non-emergency purposes).

Consequences:
Damaged pipes may leak or fail to deliver water pressure adequately, rendering the system ineffective in an emergency.

Prevention:

  • Protective Housing: Ensure that risers, especially exposed ones, are protected by metal guards or placed in locked cabinets.
  • Clear Signage: Proper labelling helps prevent misuse by untrained personnel.
  • Regular Inspections: Include visual checks in your maintenance schedule to identify any signs of impact or corrosion.

Leaking or Defective Valves

The Issue:
Valves, including landing valves and drain valves, can wear out over time, especially if not exercised (opened and closed) regularly. Common issues include leaks, seized mechanisms, or stripped threads.

Consequences:
If valves fail to operate or leak under pressure, firefighters may be unable to connect hoses effectively or control water flow during an emergency.

Prevention:

  • Scheduled Testing: Test all valves biannually in accordance with British Standard BS 9990.
  • Lubrication & Exercise: Regularly lubricate and operate valves to ensure functionality.
  • Immediate Repairs: Replace worn or damaged components promptly, rather than delaying repairs until the next inspection.

Blockages in the Pipework

The Issue:
Blockages can occur due to debris, corrosion, or even intentional tampering. In some buildings, stagnant water or dust accumulation may build up inside the system if not properly maintained.

Consequences:
A blocked pipe means no water flow. In a fire, this could delay firefighting efforts and allow flames to spread.

Prevention:

  • Annual Pressure Testing: Use hydrostatic testing to ensure the entire system maintains appropriate pressure and flow.
  • Visual Inspections: Look for signs of rust or foreign materials inside outlet valves.
  • Secure Outlets: Keep all inlet and outlet points capped and locked to avoid tampering.

Inaccessible or Obstructed Inlet/Outlet Points

The Issue:
Dry riser inlets (usually found at street level) and outlets (on each floor) must be accessible at all times. Obstructions due to parked vehicles, storage, or locked doors can delay emergency services’ ability to use the system effectively.

Consequences:
If a fire crew cannot access the inlet, they can’t charge the system. Similarly, blocked outlets make it harder to deploy hoses on affected floors.

Prevention:

  • Clear Markings: Use fire-resistant paint or signage to indicate access areas.
  • No Parking Zones: Designate and enforce no-parking areas around inlet boxes.
  • Routine Checks: Include accessibility as part of your monthly visual inspection.

Missing or Damaged Components

The Issue:
Hose connections, blank caps, identification plates, and locking straps often go missing or get damaged over time. Theft or vandalism is sometimes a cause, especially in underused or unsecured buildings.

Consequences:
Missing components can compromise the system’s usability or allow contaminants into the pipework, leading to blockages or corrosion.

Prevention:

  • Security: Install tamper-proof caps and cabinets. Use lockable inlet boxes.
  • Inventory Checks: Keep a checklist of all system components and verify them during inspections.
  • CCTV or Surveillance: In vulnerable areas, consider installing surveillance to deter tampering.

Lack of Maintenance Records and Documentation

The Issue:
Many failures result from irregular or undocumented maintenance. Without a proper record, it’s difficult to track faults or prove compliance with fire safety regulations.

Consequences:
Non-compliance with fire safety laws can lead to hefty fines, increased liability, and invalidation of insurance.

Prevention:

  • Digital Logs: Maintain up-to-date records of all inspections, tests, and repairs.
  • Use Accredited Contractors: Ensure that maintenance is carried out by competent professionals who provide detailed reports.
  • Schedule Reminders: Set up automated systems to alert responsible personnel before inspection deadlines.

Conclusion

Dry risers are a vital part of any building’s fire safety system, particularly in high-rise and complex structures. While they are relatively simple systems, their reliability is absolutely critical. The common failures outlined in this article—from damaged valves to obstructed access points—can all be avoided with regular maintenance, proper documentation, and a proactive safety culture.

Neglecting dry riser maintenance isn’t just a regulatory risk—it’s a risk to life and property. By committing to routine inspections, repairs, and awareness, building managers and owners can ensure their dry riser systems perform effectively when needed most.

For more information on Dry Riser System Failures contact Total Safe UK.